Lawindia

Ans: The ordinance making power of president is mentioned under Article 123 of Indian Constitution and ordinance making power of Governor is mentioned under Article 213 of Indian Constitution.  

Ans:  Article 43A – Participation of workers in management of industries The State shall take steps, by suitable legislation or in any other way, to secure the participation of workers in the management of undertakings, establishments or other organisations engaged in any industry.

Ans:  Article 43 – Living wage, etc, for workers The State shall endeavour to secure, by suitable legislation or economic organisation or in any other way, to all workers, agricultural, industrial or otherwise, work, a living wage, conditions of work ensuring a decent standard of life and full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural opportunities and, in particular, the State shall endeavour to promote cottage industries on an individual or co operative basis in rural areas.

Ans:  Article 42- Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.  The State shall make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.

Ans :  Article 41 – Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases. This article says that state shall, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, and in other cases of undeserved want.

Ans:  Article 48-A: The State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.  Article 51A(g): It is a duty of every citizen to protect and preserve the environment.

Ans:  Mandal Commission was set up in 1979 January by Morarji Desai government to identify the socially or educationally backward classes to consider the question of seat reservations and quotas for people to redress caste discrimination, and used eleven social, economic, and educational indicators to determine backwardness.

Ans:  Article 20 (3) of the Constitution  provides that “No person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself”.

 Ans:  Article 361, Constitution of India 1950⁠(2)  No criminal proceedings whatsoever shall be instituted or continued against the President, or the Governor or Rajpramukh of a State, in any court during his term of office .

 Ans:  The joint sitting of the Parliament is called by the President of India ( Article 108 ) and is presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha or, in their absence, by the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha, or in their absence, the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.

Ans:  The Code of Criminal Procedure commonly called Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) is the main legislation on procedure for administration of substantive criminal law in India. It was enacted in 1973 and came into force on  1 April 1974 . IPC came into force in 1860.  The code was passed into law on 6th Oct 1860 and came into operation from 1st Jan 1862 .  IPC is the main Criminal Code in India divided into 23 Chapters and 511 sections.  It was presented by Thomas Babington Macaulay in front of the Governor-General of India in 1835 and prepared by first law commission in 1834 under Charter Act 1833. The Code of civil Procedure is passed in 1908 and come into force from 1st January 1909 . The Indian Evidence Act, identified as Act no. 1 of 1872, and called the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, has eleven chapters and 167 sections, and came into force 1 September 1872 .   .

Ans: Article 13 of Indian Constitution:  Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights (1) All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, in so far as they are inconsistent with the provisions of this Part, shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void (2) The State shall not make any law which takes away or abridges the rights conferred by this Part and any law made in contravention of this clause shall, to the extent of the contravention, be void (3) In this article, unless the context otherwise requires law includes any Ordinance, order, bye law, rule, regulation, notification, custom or usages having in the territory of India the force of law; laws in force includes laws passed or made by Legislature or other competent authority in the territory of India before the commencement of this Constitution and not previously repealed, notwithstanding that any such law or any part thereof may not be then in...

Ans: According to Article 300A of the Constitution of India, no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law. a) person b) citizen c) foreigner d) Indian ​

Ans:  In Golakhnath V. State of Punjab, 1967 Case the court held that the parliament could not amend the fundamental rights. This ruling was overturned in Kesavananda Bharati vs state of Kerala 1973. In this case, the court held that the parliament could amend the Constitution, including fundamental rights, but the parliament cannot change the basic structure of the Constitution.

Ans: Anti defection law in 52nd Amendment.  

Ans: Article 35 gives Parliament the exclusive power to make laws relating to Articles 16 (3), 32 (3), 33 and 34. Further, this Article enables the Parliament to prescribe punishment to offences under the fundamental rights part.

Ans: In case of emergency,  article 34 will be implemented and fundamental rights will be suspended due to martial law. 

Ans: Parliament has the power to amend fundamental rights under Article 33 of Indian Constitution.  

Ans: Supreme Court protects fundamental rights under article 32 of Indian Constitution.  

Ans: Mothersa can be opened under Article 30 of Indian Constitution and under Article 30 of Indian Constitution,  the minorities can open their own educational institutions.